Main public logs

Combined display of all available logs of IFORS Developing Countries Online Resources. You can narrow down the view by selecting a log type, the username (case-sensitive), or the affected page (also case-sensitive).

• 13:42, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Regional Studies, Regional Science Annual Lecture 2021: "Urban Mobility and Street Network Science” (Created page with "'''Speaker:''' Geoff Boeing, University of Southern California, USA '''Chair:''' Franziska Sielker University of Cambridge, UK Transportation networks underpin urban mobility. In turn, spatial network analysis has emerged as an important frontier in urban informatics as more data are collected about transportation networks’ form and utilization. However, the tools to model and analyze these networks are too often inaccessible, atheoretical, or otherwise limiting. Thi...")
• 13:40, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Quantification of Key Developmental Risks in Africa (Created page with "by: '''V. BAKHTINA, M. ZGUROVSKY''' Current research identifies six key developmental risks for Africa: (a) vulnerability of infrastructure, (b) health, (c) education, (d) political and security risk, (e) vulnerability to natural disasters and (f) limitation of access to drinking water and sanitary facilities. Key risks are combined to an integrated risk measure and their impact on 42 African countries is analyzed. Six countries most susceptible to the indicated set of...")
• 13:35, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Putting Universities in their Place: An evidence based approach to understanding the contribution of higher education to local and regional development (Created page with "'''Speaker(s)''' Lucir Reinaldo Alves, Western Parana State University, Brazil Louise Kempton, Newcastle University, UK Maria Conceição Rego, Evora University, Portugal '''Chair:''' Anne Rimmer, Policy Analyst in the OECD’s Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Cities and Regions, France There is growing interest among policy makers in the role of universities in regional development, evidenced by their increasing prominence in the design and implementation of stra...")
• 13:27, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Proceedings of 1st ICSU-WDS Conference Global Data for Global Science (Created page with "'''ABSTRACT''' Establishment of the Russian-Ukrainian WDS Segment, its state of the art, main priorities and research activities are described. One of the high priority tasks for Segment members is development of common information space – transition from Legacy Systems and individual Services to a common globally interoperable distributed data system that incorporates emerging technologies and new scientific data activities. The new system will build on the potential...")
• 13:25, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Planning sustainable community health schemes in rural areas of developing countries (Created page with "'''By Honora K. Smith, Paul R. Harper, Chris N. Potts, Ann Thyle''' '''Abstract''' In this research, we consider the planning of community health schemes by non-governmental or faith-based organisations in rural areas of developing countries, from both top-down and ground level viewpoints. We conclude that both types of planning approach are valid and necessary for sustainability of such developments. With top-down planning in mind, we describe our hierarchical models...")
• 13:23, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Operations Research on ESP Delivery and Community Clinics in Bangladesh (Created page with "In Bangladesh, interest in health-sector reform is widespread. One of the reform agenda adopted in Bangladesh National Health and Family Planning Programme is the shift from the home-based to a static centre-based service-delivery system. Link to material: http://dspace.icddrb.org:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/4049/1/ICDDRBSpecialPub-114-SarkerS.pdf Category: Community OR")
• 13:13, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Operational research and sustainable development: Tackling the social dimension (Created page with "'''By Leroy White, Gregory John Lee''' '''Abstract''' Sustainable development is increasingly being seen as a major challenge in global terms. Operational Research (OR) has yet to be fully utilised in this area. To date, where it has been mostly used, it tends to deal with the relationships between environmental management and product supply chain and rarely focuses on the social dimension. This article seeks to discuss the potential of OR in the wider arena of sustai...")
• 13:10, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Mentoring Returnees: Study on Reintegration Outcomes Through a Comparative Lens --- by Samuel Hall (Created page with "'''BACKGROUND''' Empirical research demonstrates that returning migrants go through processes of readjustment and reintegration that can be just as challenging, and sometimes even more so, than their initial migration and integration. Studies have explored the notions of successful and sustainable reintegration, but ‘success’ is frequently loosely defined or assumed to be implicitly understood. Until recently, sustainable reintegration was often assumed to mean a la...")
• 13:09, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Integration of the Ukrainian Science into the World Data System (Created page with "by: '''M. Z. Zgurovsky,A. D. Gvishiani,K. V. Yefremov and A. M. Pasichnyc''' Creating the World Data Center for Geoinformatics and Sustainable Development (WDC-Ukraine), its certification and integration into the World Data System are described. The main principles of the WDC and its research priorities are considered. Main projects carried out by the WDC are reviewed. One of them is global modeling of the sustainable development in the context of the safety and quality...")
• 13:07, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Grants and Funding: An Introduction to the Policy Expo Grant by the RSA (Created page with "'''Speakers:''' Phil Tomlinson (University of Bath, UK) Neil Lee (London School of Economics, UK) '''Chair:''' Sally Hardy, CEO, Regional Studies Association Learn more about the Policy Expo grant scheme, offered by the Regional Studies Association. Phil and Neil cover the following aspects: What is the Policy Expo Grant scheme? How can I apply for this grant? What does the Policy Expo Grant scheme offer for me? Top tips how to write a policy-facing book How to...")
• 13:04, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Grants and Funding: An introduction to the Early Career Grant Scheme by the RSA (Created page with "'''Speakers:''' Stuart Dawley, University of Newcastle, UK I-Chun Catherine Chang, Macalester College, USA Jacopo Canello, University of Groningen, The Netherlands '''Chair:''' Sally Hardy, CEO RSA This webinar covers the Early Career Grant Scheme, offered by the Regional Studies Association. Stuart and current grant holders with cover the following topics, to help you prepare your next application for this grant: What is the Early Career Grant Scheme? How can I a...")
• 13:02, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Grants and Funding An Introduction to the MeRSA Grant Scheme (Created page with "'''Chair:''' Daniela Carl, Regional Studies Association '''Speakers:''' Elisa Giuliani, University of Pisa, Italy Heike Mayer, University of Bern, Switzerland <html> <head> </head> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gJFxjZeW8jc" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </html> Category: Community OR")
• 12:54, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Grants and Funding: An Introduction to the FeRSA Grant Scheme by the RSA (Created page with "'''Chair:''' Sally Hardy, Regional Studies Association, UK '''Speakers:''' Wolfgang Petzold, Committee of the Regions, Belgium Elvira Uyarra, Manchester Business School, UK <html> <head> </head> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/I4x-nErBWUI" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> </html> Category: Com...")
• 12:45, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Grant Application Tips (Created page with "Applying for research grants can be difficult and stressful, but fortunately some of our researchers have offered some of their words of wisdom in the videos below. <html> <head> </head> Early Career Grant winner, Emma Colven, University of Oklahoma, USA shares her tips for grant applications: <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/fQhE5HfijYU" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; en...")
• 12:34, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Government Policy For Urban Poor Community Management In Developing Countries: Case Study - Thailand (Created page with "Urban poor community development programs have significantly improved the lives of slum dwellers and increased the quality of life for residents, but the discussion concerning ways to set up the policy for urban community development remains in the conceptual stage. However, in this paper, we will discuss the most important factors for government agencies when considering how to set up the policy. For this research, we collected and analyzed data using both qualitative a...")
• 12:32, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Global Value Chains and Regional Innovation (Created page with "'''Speakers:''' Riccardo Crescenzi, London School of Economics, UK Daria Taglioni, Research Manager, Trade and International Integration, Development Economics, World Bank Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Special Advisor to the Commissioner for Cohesion and Reforms at the European Commission Oliver Harman, International Growth Centre, London School of Economics and Oxford University, UK '''Chair:''' Roberta Rabellotti, Università di Pavia, Italy In this session, panellis...")
• 12:29, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Every Place Matters: Towards Effective Place-Based Policy (Created page with "'''Speaker:''' Andrew Beer, University of South Australia, Australia '''Speaker/Chair:'''Fiona McKenzie, Office of the Commissioner for Environmental Sustainability, Victorian Government, Australia Globally there is an on-going debate on which types of policies and programmes are most appropriate to improve human welfare and boost the economies of cities, regions and communities that are lagging behind. Often this debate is framed as a dichotomy between place-based pol...")
• 12:26, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Development of the WDS Russian - Ukrainian Segment (Created page with "by: '''Marsel Shaimardanov, Alexei Gvishiani, Michael Zgurovsky, Alexander Sterin, Alexander Kuznetsov, Natalia Sergeyeva, Evgeny Kharin, and Kostiantyn Yefremov''' '''ABSTRACT''' Establishment of the Russian-Ukrainian WDS Segment and its state of the art, main priorities and research activities are described. One of the high priority tasks for Segment members is development of a common information space - transition from Legacy Systems and individual services to a c...")
• 12:24, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Critical Dialogues of Urban Governance, Development and Activism (Created page with "'''Edited by Susannah Bunce, Nicola Livingstone, Loren March, Susan Moore, and Alan Walks''' Cities and urban change have been among the most visible manifestations of the evolution of processes of globalisation, neoliberalisation and population expansion. Global cities, in particular, are at the cutting edge of such changes and are often the first to experience policy experimentation and to spur a host of community political actions in response. This book examines chan...")
• 12:23, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Creative and Participative Problem Solving (Created page with "by: '''René Victor Valqui Vidal''' In many professions the point of departure is a mess or a problematic situation. A mess is usually defined as a confused, dirty, or offensive condition, or as a disordered situation resulting from misunderstanding, blundering, or misconception. A mess is usually composed of a complex mix of problems. Along these lines we could define a professional as a problem solver within a specific field. Managers, system scientists, computer scie...")
• 12:21, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Contribution to the Collaborative Work in Virtual Organization - A Case Study (Created page with "by: '''Fernando A. Crespo, Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu, Linet Özdamar, Gerhard Wilhelm Weber''' A virtual organization is a community of people who interact together socially on a technical platform. These kinds of communities are built on a common interest, a common problem or a common task of its members that is pursued on the basis of implicit and explicit codes of behavior. The six dimensions that are normally used to analyze virtual organizations are the use of techn...")
• 12:20, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community-Based Operations Research: Introduction, Theory and Applications (Created page with "Community-based operations research is the name of a new sub-discipline within operations research and the management sciences. CBOR synthesizes previous practice and research traditions within OR/MS to address problems within the public sector that are often of a localized nature, that address the concerns of citizens affiliated through characteristics of race, ethnicity and class and other ties and that are solved using diverse qualitative and quantitative methods. Sol...")
• 12:19, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community-Based Operations Research Opportunities abound to do good with good O.R. (Created page with "At the Seattle INFORMS conference, we considered the potential for O.R. at the community level in a tutorial entitled "Community-Based Operations Research". Community-based operations research (CBOR) is an emerging subfield of public sector O.R. that focuses on community problems, such as poverty, "food security" and homelessness. Former INFORMS President Richard Larson defines public sector O.R. as "quantitative methods and an analytical mind-set applied to problems in...")
• 12:17, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community-Based Operations Research Decision Modeling for Local Impact and Diverse Populations (Created page with "While many in academia and business had explored (and sometimes exploited) what would eventually come to be known as operations research for decades before World War II, the interdisciplinary mathematical science has its formal origins firmly rooted in the war. Link to material: http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-4614-0806-2#section=958851&page=7&locus=26 Category: Community OR")
• 12:16, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community-Based Operations Research (Created page with "Community-based operations research is defined as the collection of analytical methods applied to problem domains in which interests of underrepresented, underserved, or vulnerable populations in localized jurisdictions, formal or informal, receive special emphasis, and for which solutions to problems of core concern for daily living must be identified and implemented so as to jointly optimize economic efficiency, social equity, and administrative burdens. Link to mate...")
• 12:15, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community OR and OR for Development: A South African Perspective (Created page with "An overview is given of Community Operations Research and of the connection between OR and development. The RDP is the main framework for development in South Africa, and its present state is described. Some suggestions are made as to ways in which ORSSA could support the RDP and development in South Africa. Link to material: http://www.orssa.org.za/wiki/uploads/ORiON/ORiON_15_53-66.pdf Category: Community OR")
• 12:14, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community Mapping and Socio-Economic Profiling of Communities of Return in West Africa - The Gambia Report --- by Samuel Hall (Created page with "'''I. CONTEXT, OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY''' In recent years, Gambians have emigrated at a higher rate per capita than every other nation in Africa. In 2016, a total of 11,929 Gambians arrived in Italy by boat, a 41% increase from 2015. Of particular concern, 24% of these were unaccompanied minors. These figures do not account for the thousands more migrants whose journeys were halted at the North African border. The context of migration and reintegration in The Gambia...")
• 12:11, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community Mapping and Socio-Economic Profiling of Communities of Return in West Africa - Ghana -- by Samuel Hall (Created page with "Samuel Hall was commissioned by IOM under the EUTF-funded joint initiative to conduct a regional assessment of communities of return in 11 West African countries (including Ghana). The Joint Initiative seeks to strengthen the reintegration of returning migrants. Along with a socio-economic assessment of each community, Samuel Hall mapped key stakeholders, their capacities and existing services to support IOM regional offices in developing effective reintegration activiti...")
• 12:08, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community Health Worker Assessment and Improvement Matrix Operations Research (Created page with "As we near the 2015 target for the Millennium Development Goals, vast challenges remain to providing accessible health care for underserved populations. The global public health community recognizes that we can’t reach key health goals without community health workers (CHW). Yet, we have few tools for assessing - let alone improving - community health worker program functionality. Link to material: http://www.hciproject.org/communities/chw-central/conversations/commu...")
• 12:05, 9 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Community Effects of Cash-For-Work Programmes in Jordan (Created page with "by: Markus Loewe; Tina Zintl; Jörn Fritzenkötter; Verena Gantner; Regina Kaltenbach; Lena Pohl Supporting social cohesion, more equitable gender roles and local economic development in contexts of flight and migration '''Foreword''' This report presents the findings of a DIE research project on the indirect effects of cash-for-work projects in Jordan. It is based on an extensive literature review and empirical research conducted in Jordan by the authors of this stud...")
• 13:46, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Bouncing Back or Bouncing Forward? Place Leadership and Post-pandemic Recovery in European Tourism Regions (Created page with "'''Speakers:''' Florian Aubke, FHWien der WKW, Austria Laura James, Aalborg University, Denmark Cinta Sanz Ibanez, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain Kajsa G Åberg, Region Västerbotten, Sweden Octavi Bono i Gispert, Patronat de Turisme de la Diputació de Tarragona, Next Generation Projects, Spain Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, Denmark Helen Peters, Shakespeare’s England, UK '''Chair:''' Dimitri Ioannides, Mid-Sweden University, Sweden The Covid-19 pan...")
• 13:38, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Area Development and Policy Annual Lecture 2021: “Coalitions and Alliances; Understanding Their Contribution to Urban Transformation” (Created page with "'''Speaker:''' Diana Mitlin, University of Manchester, UK '''Discussants:''' Lalitha Kamath, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India Susan Parnell, University of Bristol, UK/University of Cape Town, South Africa '''Chair:''' Ivan Turok, South African NRF Research Chair in City-Region Economies, South Africa Recognising the importance of political action to achieve reform, this contribution draws on experiences with civil society initiated coalitions and alliances i...")
• 13:27, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page An Introduction to the Small Grant Scheme by the RSA with Speakers Ron Boschma and Jana Kleibert (Created page with "Grants and Funding: An Introduction to the Small Grant Scheme by the RSA (Ron Boschma, Utrecht University, The Netherlands and Jana Kleibert, Leibniz Institute for Research on Society and Space, Germany) Watch this webinar to learn more about the Small Grant Scheme on Pandemics, Cities, Regions & Industry, offered by the Regional Studies Association. Ron and Jana, a current grant holder cover the following aspects: What is the Small Grant Scheme on Pandemics, Cities, R...")
• 13:24, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Agriculture and Rural Communities Are Resilient to High Energy Costs (Created page with "Higher energy costs in the 1970s prompted all sectors of the U.S. economy to increase energy efficiency. Agricultural producers responded by making tradeoffs—replacing more expensive fuels with less expensive fuels, shifting to less energy-intensive crops, and employing energy-conserving production practices where possible. Energy intensity—defined as energy consumed per unit of total output—has steadily declined over time due to gains in energy efficiency in the a...")
• 13:20, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page A Novel Mathematical Model for Robust Green Urban Waste Collection (Created page with "by: '''Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber and Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee''' '''Introduction''' • Uncontrolled urban expansion and the massive increase in urban populations have led to a vast amount of consumption and different types of waste generation over the past years. • In 2012, various cities in the world generated 1.3 billion tons of solid waste, equivalent to 1.2 kg per person per day. • It is expected that annual waste generation rate will reach 2.2 billion tons by 20...")
• 11:19, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page A Conversation about Publishing a Non-Standard Academic Piece (Created page with "<body> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/swJQJVQrq2Y" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <script type="text/javascript">(function(d, t, e, m){ // Async Rating-Widget initialization. window.RW_Async_Init = function(){ RW.init({ huid: "141148", uid: "6db8b62d52afa816e07...")
• 11:13, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Use of Modern Applied Mathematics in Remote Sensing (Created page with "by: '''Semih Kuter, Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber and Zuhal Akyurek''' '''Outline''' - Remote Sensing (RS) - Atmospheric Correction - MARS & CMARS - MODIS Instrument - MARS & CMARS in Atmospheric Correction - Image Classification in RS - History of MARS in RS - MARS in Image Classification - Results & Concluding Remarks Link to material: http://ifors.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/140723-Kyiv-Presentation.pdf Category: Agriculture")
• 11:12, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Tactical Planning of Sugarcane Harvest and Transport Operations (Created page with "by: A. Aliano Filho, T. Melo, M. Vaz Pato '''Abstract''' Motivated by a real situation arising in the Brazilian sugarcane industry, this paper addresses the integrated planning of harvest and transport operations over a multi-period planning horizon. The aim is to develop a schedule for the deployment of harvest and transport equipment that specifies the periods for the execution of the harvest operations on the sugarcane fields, and the type of harvesting machines and...")
• 11:10, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Sustainable Diets, Food, and Nutrition --- The National Academies Press (Created page with "'''Introduction''' The banana is a staple of U.S. households and the world’s most exported fruit. Yet, it is difficult to produce and ship bananas while simultaneously protecting the environment from degradation and promoting fair economic practices to benefit all stakeholders. Thus, the banana exemplifies the complex, multidimensional challenges to achieving sustainable diets, stated Sylvia Rowe, SR Strategy, LLC, Washington, DC, and chair of the Food Forum of the Na...")
• 11:08, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Supporting Brazilian Smallholder Farmers in Supplying Institutional Markets (Created page with "by '''Helio Yochihiro Fuchigami, Andrea Tuni, Luísa Queiroz Barbosa, Maico Roris Severino, Athanasios Rentizelas''' Smallholder farmers are amongst the most vulnerable communities in developing countries, lacking a stable income due to inconsistent access to markets. Our research aims to facilitate the transition from subsistence to commercial agriculture, by supporting Brazilian smallholder farmers to distribute their produce to schools through institutional markets....")
• 11:05, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Some Contribution of Operations Research in Profitable Farm Management (Created page with "Agriculture is one of the important economic sectors. After independence of our country, agricultural production has been brought about by bringing additional area under cultivation, extension of irrigation facilities, use of better seeds and modern techniques, water management and plant protection. Link to material: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/3230/8/08_chapter%201.pdf Category: Agriculture")
• 11:04, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Science Breakthroughs to Advance Food and Agricultural Research by 2030 (Created page with "'''1. BACKGROUND''' For nearly a century, scientific advances have fueled progress in U.S. agriculture. As one of the most productive sectors of the U.S. economy, producers have achieved dramatic increases in output with simultaneously reduced inputs (such as land, labor, and chemicals) (Wang et al., 2018). Today’s farmers produce food for far more people using less land than in previous generations due to yield gains from advances in plant and animal breeding, mechan...")
• 11:03, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Planting the Seeds for Natural Habitat and Ecosystem Restoration --- Interview with Prof. Dr. Susan Harrison (Created page with "by National Academies In the wake of this year’s record-breaking wildfire and hurricane season, efforts are ramping up to rebuild communities and natural ecosystems in places devastated by fire and storms. Restoring natural ecosystems requires replacing the trees, grasses, flowers, herbs, shrubs, and other plants that have evolved and occur naturally in a particular region. However, across the U.S., millions of acres of land have been so disturbed by human activities...")
• 11:01, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Prospects and limitations of operations research applications in agriculture and agricultural policy (Created page with "Over the years, the inherent dynamic and potential variability of individual country and world agricultural food systems has become increasingly obvious. Link to material: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/96c9m77v Category: Agriculture")
• 06:49, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page A combinatorial auction improves school meals in Chile: a case of OR in developing countries (Created page with "test")
• 06:47, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page OR Modeling and Public Policies in Bangladesh: Implementation Challenges (Created page with "test")
• 06:47, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page New Open Access Book on Transformations Towards More Just and Sustainable Food Systems (Created page with "test")
• 06:41, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page Fractional Snow Cover Mapping from Modis Data over European Alps by Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (Created page with "test")
• 06:41, 8 May 2026 Dcadmin talk contribs created page A Sustainability Challenge: Food Security for All: Report of Two Workshops (2012) --- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (Created page with "test")
• 03:24, 8 May 2026 MediaWiki default talk contribs created page Main Page